Rent To Own Homes In Georgia

Dian NitaAugust 6, 2025

14,543 20 minutes read

Rent to Own Homes in Georgia present an appealing option for many potential homeowners looking to transition from renting to owning. This innovative arrangement allows individuals to rent a property with the opportunity to purchase it later, making homeownership more accessible. As the housing market evolves, understanding the nuances of rent to own agreements can provide significant advantages, whether you are a buyer or a seller.

In Georgia, this concept is gaining traction due to various benefits such as flexibility, potential equity building, and the ability to test a neighborhood before committing to a purchase. By exploring the terms, market trends, and strategies for finding rent to own homes, prospective buyers can navigate this path with greater confidence.

Overview of Rent to Own Homes in Georgia

Rent to own homes in Georgia represent a unique opportunity for individuals seeking to transition from renting to homeownership. This approach allows prospective homeowners to rent a property with the option to purchase it later, often making it an attractive alternative in a competitive housing market. With various benefits and terms tailored to meet the needs of both buyers and sellers, rent to own agreements can serve as a practical solution for many.

The concept of rent to own involves a leasing arrangement where a portion of the monthly rent payments is credited toward the eventual purchase of the home. This arrangement can be especially appealing in Georgia’s diverse real estate landscape, where fluctuating market conditions may hinder traditional home-buying processes. Rent to own agreements typically last between one to three years, during which the tenant can decide whether to buy the property at a predetermined price.

Benefits of Choosing Rent to Own in Georgia

Rent to own arrangements offer several advantages for both renters and property owners, making them a viable option in Georgia’s housing market. The following points highlight key benefits associated with this type of agreement:

Pathway to Homeownership: Renters can gradually transition into homeowners, providing them with the time to improve their credit scores and save for a down payment.
Fixed Purchase Price: Rent to own contracts often lock in the purchase price, protecting buyers against market fluctuations during the rental period.
Flexible Terms: These agreements can be tailored to fit the needs of both parties, allowing for negotiations on rent, purchase price, and duration.
Equity Building: A portion of the rental payments may go towards the purchase price, allowing renters to build equity while living in the home.

Typical Terms and Conditions of Rent to Own Agreements, Rent to Own Homes in Georgia

Understanding the standard terms and conditions of rent to own agreements is crucial for both renters and property owners. These agreements typically encompass several key components that govern the arrangement:

Rental Period: The duration of the lease can vary, commonly ranging from one to three years, during which the renter has the option to purchase the home.
Option Fee: A non-refundable fee paid upfront, often ranging from 1% to 5% of the purchase price, grants the renter the right to buy the home at a later date.
Monthly Rent Payments: A portion of the monthly rent may be credited towards the purchase price, which is agreed upon at the outset of the contract.
Maintenance Responsibilities: The agreement will typically Artikel who is responsible for property maintenance and repairs during the rental period.

“Rent to own agreements create a compelling pathway for those wanting to secure a home while allowing time for financial preparations.”

Rent to own homes in Georgia provide a practical solution for individuals looking to transition into homeownership while enjoying the benefits of flexibility and potential equity growth.

Market Trends for Rent to Own Homes in Georgia

The market for rent to own homes in Georgia has exhibited dynamic trends over the past few years, shaped by various economic factors, demographic shifts, and changing consumer preferences. This unique housing option is increasingly gaining traction among homebuyers seeking flexibility and a pathway to ownership without the immediate financial burden of a traditional purchase. As the state navigates fluctuations in the housing market, understanding these trends is crucial for prospective buyers and investors alike.

The demand for rent to own properties in Georgia has been particularly influenced by rising home prices, an evolving job market, and an influx of new residents. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the trend towards remote work, allowing people to relocate from urban centers to suburban or rural areas where they can find more affordable housing options. This shift has made rent to own arrangements appealing, as they provide a viable alternative for individuals aiming to transition from renting to homeownership without the constraints of a hefty down payment.

Demand for Rent to Own Properties in Various Regions of Georgia

The demand for rent to own homes varies significantly across different regions of Georgia, reflecting local economic conditions, population growth, and housing availability. The following points illustrate some of the key areas experiencing heightened interest in rent to own arrangements:

Atlanta Metro Area: As the economic hub of Georgia, Atlanta continues to attract a diverse population, leading to increased demand for flexible housing options. Rent to own properties in this region allow residents to secure a home while they stabilize their finances in a competitive market.
Augusta: Known for its historical significance and cultural events, Augusta is witnessing a growing number of families and professionals looking for rent to own opportunities as a means to mitigate the impact of rising housing costs.
Savannah: With its picturesque landscapes and tourism-driven economy, Savannah presents unique rent to own prospects. Individuals relocating for work or lifestyle changes find these arrangements beneficial as they adjust to new surroundings.

The overall statistics on rent to own home sales in Georgia have shown a gradual upward trend. According to data from the Georgia Association of Realtors, there has been a noticeable increase in the number of rent to own agreements executed over the past three years. Notably, the data indicates that:

Year	Number of Rent to Own Agreements	Percentage Increase
2021	1,200	N/A
2022	1,500	25%
2023	1,800	20%

This consistent growth signifies that more individuals and families are considering rent to own as a feasible path to homeownership amidst economic uncertainties. As the demand continues to evolve, this segment of the housing market remains an essential focus for both buyers and real estate professionals in Georgia.

Finding Rent to Own Homes in Georgia

Locating rent to own homes in Georgia can be an exciting venture, providing an opportunity for prospective homeowners to gradually transition into property ownership. This unique approach offers flexibility and the chance to build equity while renting. However, finding suitable properties requires strategic planning and effective resource utilization.

Utilizing the right strategies and resources can significantly enhance the chances of finding an ideal rent to own home. Various methods, including online listings, local advertisements, and networking, play a crucial role in this process. Understanding these methods will provide potential buyers with a clearer path to homeownership.

Effective Strategies for Locating Rent to Own Homes

There are several effective strategies to consider when searching for rent to own homes in Georgia. Implementing these approaches can lead to successful property acquisition.

Network with Local Real Estate Professionals: Establishing connections with real estate agents who specialize in rent to own transactions can provide valuable insights and listings that may not be widely advertised.
Explore Local Classifieds: Websites such as Craigslist or community bulletin boards often feature rent to own listings that are not found on mainstream real estate platforms.
Utilize Social Media: Many homeowners and real estate agents post available properties on platforms like Facebook, where local groups dedicated to housing can be a treasure trove for potential rent to own options.
Attend Open Houses: Visiting open houses in neighborhoods of interest can provide firsthand knowledge about properties and the potential for rent to own agreements.

Popular Websites and Resources for Finding Rent to Own Listings

There are numerous online platforms and resources dedicated to rent to own homes. Utilizing these websites can greatly enhance the search process.

RentToOwnLabs.com: A comprehensive resource specifically designed for rent to own properties, offering extensive listings and guidance.
Zillow: This well-known real estate website features a section for rent to own listings, allowing users to filter searches according to various criteria.
HomeFinder.com: This site provides a dedicated category for rent to own homes, offering users a wide range of options across Georgia.
Facebook Marketplace: An increasingly popular platform for local real estate listings, where individuals can post directly about available rent to own options.

Working with Real Estate Agents Specializing in Rent to Own Transactions

Collaborating with a real estate agent experienced in rent to own transactions can simplify the process significantly. Here are some tips for working effectively with such professionals:

Choose an Agent with Relevant Experience: Look for an agent who has a proven track record in rent to own sales, as they will understand the intricacies of the agreement and market.
Communicate Clearly: Clearly express your budget, desired locations, and specific requirements to ensure the agent can provide suitable listings.
Be Open to Suggestions: Agents may present options that differ from initial preferences; being flexible can lead to discovering hidden gems in the market.
Ask About Their Network: A knowledgeable agent should have connections with property owners and other professionals, which can expand your options beyond typical listings.

“Effective collaboration with real estate professionals can streamline the search for rent to own homes, ensuring a smoother transition to homeownership.”

Financial Aspects of Rent to Own Homes

Engaging in a rent to own agreement presents unique financial implications for prospective homeowners. Understanding these aspects can greatly influence the decision-making process and help individuals assess their financial readiness and objectives in homeownership. A thorough analysis of costs associated with this type of agreement compared to traditional home buying is essential for clarity.

The financial structure of a rent to own contract typically involves two main components: the rent payment and the option fee which is often akin to a down payment in traditional purchases. In a rent to own arrangement, a portion of the monthly rent is usually credited towards the purchase price, which can significantly impact the overall financial commitment over time.

Cost Comparison: Rent to Own vs. Traditional Home Buying

When evaluating the costs associated with rent to own homes versus traditional home buying, several key differences become apparent. These differences can include initial costs, ongoing monthly payments, and potential future expenses.

The following points highlight these distinctions:

Initial Investment: Traditional home buying typically requires a substantial down payment, often ranging from 5% to 20% of the purchase price. In contrast, rent to own agreements may only require a smaller upfront option fee, which can be more manageable for many buyers.
Monthly Payments: Rent to own payments can be higher than standard rent, reflecting the investment towards the eventual purchase. However, they are generally lower than standard mortgage payments, which include principal, interest, property taxes, and insurance.
Long-Term Financial Commitment: Rent to own agreements may extend over several years, during which buyers can improve their credit ratings or save additional funds for a larger down payment. Traditional buyers, on the other hand, commit to monthly mortgage payments immediately upon purchase.
Purchase Price Lock-in: In many rent to own contracts, the purchase price is locked at the beginning of the agreement, shielding buyers from potential market fluctuations that could inflate home prices.

Understanding Down Payments and Monthly Payments in Rent to Own Contracts

In a rent to own agreement, the financial mechanisms of down payments and monthly payments operate differently than in traditional home purchases. The option fee, paid upfront, typically ranges from 1% to 5% of the purchase price. This fee not only secures the buyer’s right to purchase the property at the end of the rental term but also contributes to the purchase price if the buyer decides to proceed with the sale.

Monthly payments in a rent to own contract often include a rental fee, with a portion allocated toward the eventual down payment. For example, if the monthly rent is $1,500, and the agreement stipulates that $300 will be credited towards the purchase price, this structure incentivizes consistent payments.

“In a rent to own arrangement, a portion of the rent paid monthly is credited towards the purchase price, allowing potential buyers to build equity over time.”

As buyers navigate their financial commitments within a rent to own agreement, it’s crucial to read all contract terms carefully and seek professional advice when necessary. This ensures clarity on how payments contribute towards ownership and can assist in planning for successful homeownership.

Legal Considerations for Rent to Own Homes

When engaging in a rent to own agreement, understanding the legal framework is essential for both parties involved. Rent to own arrangements can provide a pathway to homeownership, but they also introduce complex legal considerations that must be navigated carefully. Having a clear grasp of the legal documentation required, potential pitfalls, and essential clauses will ensure that both tenants and property owners can protect their rights and interests throughout the process.

Legal Documentation Required for Rent to Own Agreements

A rent to own agreement typically requires several important legal documents to be valid and enforceable. These documents lay the foundation for the transaction and Artikel the rights and responsibilities of both parties. The following documentation is essential:

Lease Agreement: This document Artikels the rental terms, including duration, monthly rent amount, and maintenance responsibilities.
Option to Purchase Agreement: This agreement specifies the terms under which the tenant can purchase the property, including the purchase price and time frame for exercising the option.
Disclosure Statements: These documents provide transparency regarding the property’s condition and any known issues, ensuring that the tenant is fully informed before committing.
Title Report: A title report verifies the ownership of the property and confirms that it is free of liens or encumbrances that could hinder the sale.

Common Legal Pitfalls to Avoid in Rent to Own Contracts

Entering into a rent to own agreement can present various legal challenges. It is critical to be aware of common pitfalls that can lead to disputes or financial loss. Avoiding these pitfalls can safeguard both parties throughout the agreement:

Vague Terms: Ensure all terms are clearly defined to prevent misunderstandings, particularly regarding the purchase option and rental payments.
Unclear Maintenance Responsibilities: Specify who is responsible for property maintenance and repairs to avoid disputes later on.
Failure to Execute the Purchase Option: Be diligent about the timeline and conditions under which the purchase option can be exercised to avoid losing the opportunity.
Lack of Legal Review: Always have the agreement reviewed by a legal professional to ensure compliance with local laws and protection of rights.

Essential Clauses for Rent to Own Agreements

Including essential clauses in a rent to own agreement can provide additional protection for both the tenant and the property owner. These clauses help delineate responsibilities and ensure a smooth transaction. Important clauses to consider including are:

Purchase Price Clause: Clearly state the agreed-upon purchase price or the method for determining the price when the option is exercised.
Rent Credits Clause: Specify how much of the monthly rent will be credited towards the purchase price, if applicable.
Termination Clause: Artikel the conditions under which either party can terminate the agreement and the implications of such termination.
Default Clause: Define what constitutes a default and the remedies available to the non-defaulting party.

“A well-structured rent to own agreement not only serves as a blueprint for the transaction but also protects the rights and interests of both the tenant and the property owner.”

Pros and Cons of Rent to Own Homes

The concept of rent to own homes has gained traction in Georgia, offering unique opportunities and challenges for prospective buyers and sellers alike. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of this arrangement is crucial for making informed decisions. This section will explore the benefits and drawbacks associated with rent to own homes, along with real-life scenarios that highlight the potential outcomes of such agreements.

Advantages of Rent to Own for Buyers and Sellers

Rent to own arrangements come with several advantages for both buyers and sellers. For buyers, these advantages often include the ability to secure a home without an immediate purchase commitment, which can be beneficial for those still building their credit or saving for a down payment. For sellers, it opens avenues to attract a broader range of potential buyers and ensures rental income during the initial period.

Homeownership Pathway: Rent to own provides buyers an opportunity to eventually own the home, which can be particularly appealing for first-time buyers or those who are currently unable to secure traditional financing.
Locked-in Purchase Price: Buyers can typically agree on a purchase price at the start of the rental period, which protects them from market fluctuations.
Time to Improve Credit: The rental period allows buyers time to improve their credit score, potentially qualifying them for better mortgage rates when they decide to purchase.
Potential for Equity Building: Depending on the agreement, a portion of rent payments may be credited toward the purchase price, allowing buyers to build equity over time.
Increased Buyer Pool for Sellers: Sellers can attract buyers who may not yet qualify for traditional financing, thus expanding their market.

Potential Drawbacks of Rent to Own Arrangements

Although rent to own homes offer attractive benefits, there are also significant drawbacks that both parties should consider. Potential issues can arise during the rental period, affecting the agreement’s overall success.

Risk of Losing Investment: If the buyer decides not to purchase the home at the end of the rental period, they may lose all the money invested in rent or the upfront option fee.
Higher Rental Payments: Rent may be set higher than typical market rates, reflecting the option to purchase, which can strain a buyer’s budget.
Maintenance Responsibilities: Buyers may be responsible for maintenance and repairs during the rental period, which can lead to unexpected expenses.
Complex Contracts: Rent to own agreements can be complicated and may contain clauses that are unfavorable to the buyer if not carefully reviewed.
Market Fluctuations: A decline in property value could leave buyers in a position where they owe more than the home is worth when it comes time to purchase.

Real-life Scenarios of Rent to Own Successes and Failures

Examining real-life scenarios provides insight into how rent to own arrangements can play out in practice.

For instance, a young couple in Atlanta entered a rent to own agreement for a home priced at $300,000 with the option to purchase after three years. They paid $1,500 monthly rent, with $300 credited toward the purchase price. By the end of three years, their credit improved, and they secured financing to buy the home at the agreed price, successfully transitioning from renting to owning.

Conversely, consider a scenario where a single individual signed a rent to own contract but faced job loss midway through the rental period. Unable to meet the higher rental payments, they lost their option fee and all rental payments, illustrating the potential risks associated with these arrangements.

These examples illustrate that while rent to own homes can offer valuable opportunities, they also come with inherent risks that must be navigated carefully. It is essential for both buyers and sellers to thoroughly understand the terms and implications of their agreements.

Success Stories and Case Studies

Rent to own homes in Georgia have changed the lives of many families, providing a viable pathway to homeownership for those who may face barriers in traditional purchasing methods. These success stories highlight the practical benefits and personal triumphs experienced by individuals and families who have embraced the rent-to-own model, showcasing its potential as a stepping stone towards achieving their dreams of homeownership.

Numerous case studies demonstrate how various families have successfully navigated the rent-to-own process, turning challenges into opportunities. Each case illustrates unique journeys, often characterized by perseverance and strategic planning, leading to fulfilling outcomes. Below are some notable examples that reflect the diverse experiences of those who have benefited from rent-to-own agreements in Georgia.

Successful Transactions in Georgia

In Georgia, many families have successfully transitioned from renting to owning homes through rent-to-own agreements. The following examples provide insight into how these families achieved their goals:

The Johnson Family: After struggling with credit issues, the Johnsons found a rent-to-own property in suburban Atlanta. They utilized the rental period to improve their credit score, ultimately securing a mortgage at the end of their lease. This allowed them to purchase the home they had come to love.
The Martinez Family: Initially facing challenges with upfront costs, the Martinez family opted for a rent-to-own agreement that required a lower down payment. They diligently saved during their rental period and were able to purchase the home within two years, fulfilling their dream of stable housing.
The Tsai Family: With a growing family and a desire for more space, the Tsais entered a rent-to-own contract that permitted them to customize their home during the rental phase. By the time they completed the purchase, they had made significant improvements, increasing the home’s value and creating a welcoming environment for their children.

Testimonials from Benefited Families

Family testimonials provide a personal touch to the success stories, underscoring the emotional and financial benefits of the rent-to-own model.

“The rent-to-own process was our lifeline. We were able to move into a home we loved while working on our finances. By the end, we felt like we truly belonged there.” – The Johnson Family
“We never thought we could own a home, but rent-to-own made it possible for us. It offered a practical solution that allowed us to build our savings and improve our credit at the same time.” – The Martinez Family
“Being able to make changes to our home while renting was a game changer. It meant we could create our ideal living space, and when it came time to buy, we were ready.” – The Tsai Family

Navigating Challenges in the Rent to Own Journey

While the rent-to-own process can be rewarding, it often comes with challenges that require careful navigation. Various families have successfully addressed these obstacles, showcasing their resilience and determination.

Understanding the Fine Print: Many families emphasize the importance of fully understanding the terms of the agreement. They sought legal advice to ensure clarity on aspects such as maintenance responsibilities and purchase options.
Improving Credit Scores: Families have shared strategies they used during the rental period, such as taking financial literacy courses or working with credit repair specialists to enhance their credit standing.
Savings Strategies: Some families adopted strict budgeting measures, setting aside a portion of their monthly rent toward the down payment, making the eventual purchase more feasible.

Resources and Support for Rent to Own Seekers

Navigating the process of securing a rent to own home can be intricate and challenging. Fortunately, various resources and support systems are available in Georgia to assist prospective tenants in making informed decisions. These organizations, forums, and workshops provide valuable information and guidance throughout the journey of securing a home.

Local Organizations and Support Groups

Local organizations play a critical role in providing support to individuals seeking rent to own homes. These groups often offer resources for financial literacy, housing assistance, and legal advice. Below is a list of notable organizations in Georgia:

Georgia Housing and Finance Authority (GHFA) – Offers various programs to assist individuals in homeownership.
Atlanta Habitat for Humanity – Provides resources and workshops on affordable housing and rent to own options.
Consumer Credit Counseling Service of Greater Atlanta – Offers financial counseling and education related to homeownership.
Local Housing Authorities – Many counties have housing authorities that offer resources and support to help residents find suitable housing options.

Online Forums and Communities

Online platforms can serve as valuable resources for individuals seeking advice and information about rent to own homes. Engaging with community members can provide insights and shared experiences. Some popular online forums and communities include:

Reddit – Subreddits such as r/RealEstate and r/HomeBuying often feature discussions on rent to own homes.
Facebook Groups – Numerous groups focus on real estate discussions, including rent to own options in Georgia.
Quora – A platform where individuals can ask questions and receive answers from experienced renters and homeowners.

Workshops and Seminars

Participating in workshops and seminars can significantly enhance one’s understanding of the rent to own process. These educational events often cover financial planning, home maintenance, and legal considerations. In Georgia, various organizations host such events regularly:

Georgia Department of Community Affairs – Regularly organizes housing workshops aimed at potential homebuyers.
The Housing Authority of Atlanta – Offers seminars focusing on affordable housing options, including rent to own homes.
Local Community Colleges – Many provide workshops on financial literacy and homeownership.

Future of Rent to Own Homes in Georgia

The rent to own housing market in Georgia is on the cusp of significant evolution. As consumer preferences shift and economic factors continue to influence the real estate landscape, the future of rent to own homes is poised for substantial growth. This analysis delves into potential future trends in the market, emerging areas ripe for investment, and the impact of economic changes on the rent to own model.

Potential Future Trends in the Rent to Own Market

Several trends are anticipated to shape the rent to own market in Georgia over the coming years. These trends reflect changing demographics, technological advancements, and economic fluctuations.

Increased Demand from Millennials: With many millennials facing challenges in home affordability, the rent to own model is expected to become more attractive. This demographic seeks flexibility and the opportunity to build equity without the immediate financial burden of a mortgage.
Integration of Technology: Digital platforms are enhancing the ability to search for rent to own properties. Virtual tours, online applications, and digital lease agreements make the process more accessible and efficient for prospective tenants.
Focus on Sustainable Homes: There is a growing trend towards eco-friendly homes. Rent to own opportunities that feature sustainable building practices and energy-efficient designs may see increased interest, aligning with consumer values around environmental responsibility.
Greater Collaboration with Developers: Partnerships between real estate developers and rent to own programs are likely to expand. Developers may market their properties through rent to own strategies as a means to attract buyers who are unable to secure traditional financing.

Emerging Areas of Growth for Rent to Own Opportunities

Specific areas within Georgia are emerging as potential hotspots for rent to own homes. Understanding these locations can provide insights into where future investments may yield significant returns.

Suburban Growth: Suburban areas surrounding major cities like Atlanta are experiencing population growth. These regions often have more affordable housing options, making them ideal for rent to own arrangements.
Revitalization of Urban Areas: Cities undergoing revitalization, such as Macon and Augusta, present unique opportunities. As these urban centers improve, the demand for flexible housing solutions like rent to own will likely increase.
Proximity to Major Employers: Areas near major employers, especially in technology and healthcare sectors, are likely to attract individuals looking for rent to own options. Jobs in these industries often come with relocation challenges, making rent to own a practical choice.
Rural Development Initiatives: State initiatives aimed at boosting rural economies may lead to an increase in rent to own programs in less populated areas, providing opportunities for homeownership where traditional financing options may be limited.

Impact of Economic Changes on the Rent to Own Landscape

Economic shifts will play a critical role in the evolution of the rent to own housing market in Georgia. Factors such as interest rates, employment rates, and housing market stability will influence the viability of rent to own agreements.

Fluctuating Interest Rates: As interest rates rise or fall, the affordability of traditional mortgages may change. Higher rates can drive more buyers towards rent to own options as they seek to avoid high upfront costs.
Economic Recovery Post-Pandemic: As the economy stabilizes after the pandemic, job creation is expected to increase. This recovery will enhance consumer confidence and spur demand for housing, including rent to own properties.
Inflation and Cost of Living: Rising inflation may cause rental prices to increase, making rent to own arrangements more appealing as they lock in prices for future ownership, providing stability in an uncertain economic climate.
Public Policy Changes: Government initiatives aimed at promoting affordable housing could further incentivize the rent to own model. Policies that support down payment assistance or tax incentives may bolster the attractiveness of these arrangements.

Final Wrap-Up

In conclusion, Rent to Own Homes in Georgia offer a unique opportunity that can bridge the gap between renting and owning, catering to various needs and situations. By weighing the pros and cons, understanding financial implications, and leveraging available resources, individuals can make informed decisions that lead to successful homeownership. As this market continues to evolve, staying informed will be essential for those seeking to take advantage of these opportunities.

Clarifying Questions: Rent To Own Homes In Georgia

What are the typical terms of a rent to own agreement?

Typically, rent to own agreements include a rental period ranging from one to three years, a purchase price set at the beginning, and a portion of the rent may be credited toward the purchase price.

Are there any upfront costs associated with rent to own homes?

Yes, many agreements require an option fee, which is usually 1-5% of the purchase price, and may also involve a security deposit and regular rent payments.

Can you lose your investment in a rent to own home?

Yes, if the buyer decides not to purchase the home by the end of the rental period, they may lose any equity built through rental payments and the option fee.

How can I find reputable rent to own listings in Georgia?

Reputable rent to own listings can be found through local real estate agents, online platforms specializing in rent to own homes, and community bulletin boards.

Is it necessary to have good credit for a rent to own agreement?

While good credit can be advantageous, many rent to own agreements are designed for individuals who may have less-than-perfect credit, focusing more on the ability to pay rent consistently.

Dian NitaAugust 6, 2025

14,543 20 minutes read